Element Atomic Number Quiz

Support Drug Regulation Acts - 932 Words

S.959—Pharmaceutical Compounding Quality, Security and Accountability Act, was introduced into the U.S Senate May 15, 2013 by Thomas Harkin, Democratic senator of Iowa, along with the support of five cosponsors. The bill, if it’d passed would have amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to expand the regulation of compounded drugs. It would have allowed the Federal Government to oversee drug compounders’ operations to ensure drug quality and safety. Most recently, the bill was referred to the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee but never made it to the floor for a vote. Supporters of S.959 were both Republicans and Democrats. This bill was a bipartisan effort. There was opposition to this bill from the†¦show more content†¦The National Community Pharmacist Association (NCPA) supported the senate’s concern limiting outbreaks like the meningitis outbreak but thought that the compounding section of the bill should be rethought out. They did however agree with the anti-drug counterfeiting portions of the bill. Both the IACP and NCPA were willing to compromise on the bill and were working with the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee to achieve a compromise. In contrast, the supporters of the bill had quite the opposite to say; arguing that setting national regulation for the drugs would better ensure safety. Each state beforehand had their own regulations and they differed from state to state. With the bill, the compounders would be required to stick to FDA regulations, while still maintaining some authority by overseeing the operations, but then reporting to the FDA. Senator Pat Roberts of Kansas argued the bill was a fair median between federal regulation and state oversight of pharmaceutical processes. Roberts in a statement said â€Å"this legislation protects traditional pharmacy while giving patients more confidence in the quality and safety of their compounded drugs† (as cited by Morris, 2013). Another large supporter was Allan Coukell. He is the senior director for drug and medical devices for the Pew Charitable Trusts. Coukell stated that his group supported the bill and argued it was â€Å"a major advance for theShow M oreRelatedcu1572900 Words   |  4 PagesMedicines Act 1968 The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 The Misuse of Drugs(Safe Custody) Regulations 1973 SI 1973No 798 as amended By Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 The NHS Scotland Pharmaceutical Service (Regulations) 1995 The Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 as amended by The Regulations of Care Act 2001 The Children Act 1989 The Children s Act (Scotland) 1995 The Data Protection Act 1998 The Care Standards Act 2000 The Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 The Health and Social Care Act 2001 Read MoreThe Rights And Effectiveness Of Drugs1597 Words   |  7 PagesKefauver–Harris bill that which ensured prescription drug manufacturers to provide proof of the security and effectiveness of drugs before administering them to consumers. The background information used in this paper comes directly from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration website as well as from The New England Journal of Medicine to give an in-depth view on how the amendment was established. The focus will be primarily on the effect of law, the criticism, support and opposition received as a result of theRead MoreThe Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe cohorts of drug prohibition argue that the benefits of the prohibition are self-evident and undeniable. The basis of this assumption argument is that without prohibition the consumption of drug would skyrocket, and therefore, lead to disastrous outcomes. However, there is no evidence on the commonly held belief. The empirical evidence that exists does not support the notion of souring drug consumption. For instance, in the Netherland and Switzerland, where marijuana is legalized, the consumptionRead MoreProgessives and The Pure Food and Drug Act Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesthat was a prime example of the progressive era, was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This law came about due to muckraking, and also because of public and political interests. Muckraking, such as Upton Sinclair’s piece, â€Å"The Jungle†, helped in the timing of the adoption of this legislature. This piece of legislature, allowed for the regulation of processed food items in United States food markets. The Pure Food and Drug Act was assigned to the Department of Agriculture under the Bureau of ChemistryRead MoreRegulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesRegulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration Victoria Steele University of Phoenix Regulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration The regulation of all areas of health care in The United States falls to The United States Department of Health and Human. One such area is the regulation on medications dispensed within the United States. The section of The United States Department of Health and Human Services responsible for regulation on medications is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Read MoreFood And Drug Administration ( Fda )871 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the definition of a drug includes the following; â€Å"a substance recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary. A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine, but not a device or a component, part or accessory of a device. Biological productsRead MoreDirect Consumer Pharmaceutical Adve rtising ( Dtcpa )1312 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"an effort (usually via popular media) made by a pharmaceutical company to promote ... prescription products directly to patients,† is a common practice and an important issue that impacts the health of U.S. citizens, the prices of prescription drugs and health care, and doctor-patient relationships (Ventola). This paper will discuss the historical and political lens of DTCPA: how and why changes to DTCPA were made in the past, how current politics suggests a possible change to decrease or limitRead MoreAsm 34 Administer Medication to Individuals, and Monitor the Effects1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe legal difference between drugs and the legal framework that allows them to handle medicines on behalf of the service user. The Medicines Act 1968 being the umbrella and from this several amendments and legislations have been implemented. The following is a list of legislation that has a direct impact upon the handling of medicat ion within a social care setting. †¢ The Medicines Act 1968 †¢ The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 †¢ The Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 1973 SI 1973 No 798 as amendedRead MoreMODDERN Cures Act and Chronic Disease1524 Words   |  7 PagesShould drug regulation in the United States be significantly revamped in order to encourage development of drugs targeted at chronic disease? In the United States drug regulation is taken very seriously. Congress holds the power to regulate the distribution, manufacture, and use of narcotics. Congress has the power to regulate narcotics through the Bill of Rights. â€Å"Congress may not authorize unreasonable searches and seizures or cruel and unusual punishment of narcotics violators† (Kaplan). Read MoreThe Health Care Industrys Role in the Economy of the Country915 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry also has many rules and regulations that they need to follow in order to be successful and keep order in the industry without any problems. Some laws include, the Privacy Act, Patient self-determination Act, false claim Act, and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act. The Privacy act of 1974 is a code of fair information practices that mandate how the government agencies, like Health Care who should maintain records about individuals. The privacy Act requires the government to collect

The Censorship Of The Indian Constitution - 1365 Words

In today’s day and age where lines between the public life and private life have become increasingly blurred, right to privacy has gained importance and new dimensions. In the Indian Constitution though the right to privacy is not expressly mentioned, yet it is guaranteed by the constitution under Artice 21. The scope of Article 21 has been widened and it now encompasses the right to privacy. In R.Rajagopal v. State of T.N. the courts observed that the right to privacy is an essential ingredient of the right to life. It becomes pertinent to discuss the right to privacy while discussing media law and policy as lately there has been an increase in cases where there has been infringement of right to privacy by the media. Though the freedom of speech and expression, as guaranteed in the Constitution of India, empowers the press to disclose information vital to public interest, it often results in intrusion of privacy . In 2012, a news channel aired the molestation of a girl in Guwahati, filmed by one of its reporters The alleged ‘informational activism’ reflects a conflict between the right to information and right to privacy. The RTI Act represents the right to know but even the RTI Act recognises an exception to the right to know under section 8 (1) (j) according to which disclosure of information, which is not related to public life and public interest which results in invasion of privacy, is exempted . Article 12 of UDHR , 1948; Article 17 of ICCPR , 1976 ; Article 16Show MoreRelatedIs Censorship By Government Justified?1497 Words   |  6 Pages1104 28 April 2015 Is censorship by government justified? Censorship has been broadly connected with the media from last couple of decades. These subject is all that much dubious and present in every single key zone of public expression, which commonly go under the civil argument from every community throughout the world. There are numerous articles composed on the subject of censorship and we will talk about the contentions in distinctive articles and its dependability. Censorship, the concealment ofRead MoreFreedom of Expression is Ensured in India1473 Words   |  6 PagesIn India freedom of expression is ensured by Article 19(1) of the Constitution but is also limited by Article 19(2) which allows the government to place â€Å"reasonable restrictions on this right in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.† This means that the government can potentially censor anything. No otherRead MoreBanning Books in Schools Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThe practice of the censorship of books in schools has been prevalent due to the explicit content of them. Parents have been complaining to schools about books that count as required reading because they disapprove with the points made in the book. If a book consists of offensive or sexually explicit material , then parents would challenge the schools about them in order to prevent their children from reading them. Censorship in general has been an intensely debated issue because it is consideredRead MoreEmergency and Laws Imposed on Media5949 Words   |  24 Pagesevents in the socio-political climate of India. These socio-political changes have brought about corresponding changes in the character of the Indian mass media system, especially in the freedom and independence of the Indian press. 25 June 1975 will go down in the history of the Indian Republic as a most infamous day and a black day when the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who headed the Congress Party as its dynastic head imposed an Internal Emergency in India for reasons which had noRead MoreRole of the United States Constitution832 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Constitution The role of the constitution plays an important part of the everyday life in the United States. It is a part of every person’s life even if they do not realize it. It usually has impacted your life in the past or even at every moment in someone’s life. â€Å"Although the Constitution created a new federal government, it took a courageous, brilliant, and farseeing Supreme Court chief justice to help realize the framers’ vision.† (Microsoft, 2007) The Constitution itself providesRead MoreLiberal Nature of Indian State1308 Words   |  6 PagesDISCUSS THE NATURE OF THE INDIAN STATE ACCORDING TO LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE. The state is being perceived as an organised structural and institutional whole epitomizing the power relations of society. The state in a developing society arise from historical factors and interacts with society through its decisive role in the economic process of the nation. To study the nature of any particular state, it is necessary to analyse to relation between state, power, and social classes and the purpose ofRead MoreDifferent Values Of Peace And Toleration1521 Words   |  7 Pagesits own conception of the good life and it requires the exclusion of ultimate ideals for the protection of ordinary life, for our need to eat, talk and relate to one another . It rules out big evils like death, unnecessary suffering, illegitimate censorship and social isolation. Political secularism is incompatible with all kinds of barbarianism. It depends on simple moral injunctions like don’t kill, don’t force, don’t exploit or humiliate the other and these are inevitable for living together. NowRead MoreApartheid. What is it? Who or what were involved? And how did it end in South Africa?1660 Words   |  7 Pageswhite-only jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified. The four groups of race were: Whites (or Europeans), Coloreds (people who were a mixture of different groups including whites), Asians (Indians), and Bantu (or Africans). In 1951, the Bantu Authorities Act was established. This act forced all non-whites to move to reserves known as homelands or Bantustans. These homelands were independent states to which every African was assigned by theRead MoreFrench Revolution Democracy in the Contemporary World2097 Words   |  9 Pagesof French Revolution on the world ? Name two Indians who were very much influenced by the revolutionary France . ââ€"  Impact of French revolution on the world. (i) The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy. (ii) The ideas spread from France to Europe. Here feudal systems were abolished. (iii) Colonised people started movements to create a soverign nation state. ââ€"  Tipu Sultan and Raja Ram Mohan Roy were the Indians who were influenced by the ideas of French revolutionRead MoreMexican Revolution: Diaz ´s Administration and Beyond Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesMexico had a long way to be stabilized from Diaz’s administration to the constitution of the 1917. The Porfiriato era was able to stabilize Mexico had problems despite of the growing economy led a major uprising. After factions argued what’s best for Mexico led a list of compromise constitution that is the constitution of 1917 which they have debated each other. Porfirio Diaz led a coup against President Manuel Gonzalez whom was to pick up and leave in 1876. The Diaz system allows him using the

How Australia’s Soaring Housing Costs Affect The Economy

Question: Describe how Australias soaring housing costs affect the economy. Answer: Housing prices had various macroeconomic effects on the economy. Rising house prices is considered to be categorized as a wealth effect which makes owners feel wealthier inducing them to spend more on their private consumption. The soaring house prices also imply that households who are otherwise not able to borrow now can borrow against the increasing equity of their houses and hence further increasing private consumption. In recent times Australias housing prices had been soaring. Australias houses as estimated by the International Monetary Fund are overvalued by 10%. The housing price inflation occurred as Australia moved towards 2000s with low interest rates and the gush of mining related income leading to growing private credit and rise in housing prices. Increase in private borrowing to buy houses has also driven up the prices further. As per the article by Tom Bentley and Jonathan West, from 1985 to 2015, bank lending in Australia increased from 20% of the GDP to approximately 130%. This private debt accumulated by the households is largely for housing. Australia accounts for the highest ratio of housing debt to total lending of 54% in the world and second highest ratio mortgage debt to GDP of 99%. These indicate that Australia is placed at a risk of a downturn in housing prices, and also housing being an unproductive economic investment, excessive private lending for housing is siphoning way finance from productive business investments which shall bring forth new products and services. Housing finance increased from 25% of credit outstanding in the year 1990 to over 60% in the present time. While over the same period business lending declined from 65% to 35% reflecting the Australian economys changing structure. Considering the data and information given we look into the various effects of the rising housing prices both positive and negative on the economy. Higher housing prices as earlier mentioned act as a wealth effect and house owners feel wealthier which in turn results into greater consumption/spending and reduction of savings by these individuals which increase the aggregate demand of the economy boosting the GDP and growth. In Australia, real estate stands out as an important investment asset and increases in property prices above the construction costs, influences the building of new houses. This boom in the construction sector also boosts employment and the overall demand in the property related sectors. Turning to negative effects, the strength of the total wealth effect is not certain and depends on other factors too like the duration of the rise in house prices which may be temporary or permanent or ownership rates of houses in the economy. Hence the wealth effect varies in such situations. On the other hand, rising prices also reduces the number of people who can afford the houses at such prices and they have to increase their savings for higher deposits to get mortgage loans which in turn reduces their consumption spending subjecting them to incidences of housing stress and crisis. Hence, we see that the housing sector plays a vital role in the Australian economic growth. But the soaring housing prices is impeding investments in the real economy hinging the developments of skilled workers and further increasing inequality which has effects on Australias long term growth. The rising prices have driven up the wealth inequality and the article concludes on the note that this rising inequality should be curbed by redistribution of opportunity and reward widely. References: Bentley, T West J 2016, Australias soaring housing costs signal needs for a new economic consensus, viewed 18 May 2016. Carter A 2013, High house prices damage business and the economy, viewed 18 May 2016. Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, Worth publishers, New York. Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Mc Graw hill, New Delhi.

The Rise of the Macro

Anders Berring Breivik was the man accused of the terrorist attack that took place in Oslo. Through his document that he posted on the website on July 22 hours before the attacks took, we get to learn that he had a fair standard ideology of far right. The document which he named 2030- A European Declaration of Independence evoked several themes in central movements and mentions numerious ideologies of the right wing (Chesterton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after close inspections, it was found that Mr Breivik’s view of the world did not match any of the established ideologies of the right wig which include Christian fundamentalism, Ultanationalism and supremacism. Rather his worldview revealed new doctrines to the civilizational war that represented the Chrristian version of an Al Qaeda. This was revelead throug h his statement when he exclaimed that he feared extinction of Nordic genotypes. This meant that his main agenda was not racial hygiene, but rather he wanted to expel but not kill muslims who were in Europe. He did not mind about the non-muslims Asians and the Jews. Mr Breivik is not a Norweign nationalist but he is extremely proud of his Norwign/ Odinistic heritage and that is why he declares independence for all Europeans. He publicly declares his religion of being a Christian, however, not a very religious one. Mr Breivik wants to change his views concerning Western Islamazation in Europe. He actually views himself as a defence war soldier against Islamic imperialism. Breivik views muslims as colonized Europeans who were helped by multicultural doctrines and high birth rates which were advocated by the European elites (Hegghammer 2005). Mr Breivik view muslims as an extisting threat to European civilazation and that is why they must end up their existance by all means. Waging war against them was the best way to counter them since they were traitors who allowed colonization to occur. According to Marxists muslims are European intellectual and political elites and that is why they are considered as traitors. Despite the exceptional violent acts of Breivik, he does not have enough knowledge of Islams (Huntington 1996). His manifasto is mainly inspired by new intellectuals of the right-wing which is currently referred to as counterjihad. The roots of the movement can be traced back in 1980s but it only gained momentum after the occurance of 9/11. The internet has become a home to Breivik where different views are aired in blogs like Atlas Shrugs, Gates of Vienna, Jihad Watch publications and written by Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Fjordman and Bat Ye’or for Norwegian blogs. Many counterjihad writers replete Breivik manifestos which is a sign that they were inspired by him.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mr Breivik also advocates mass murder of most prominent European politicians. He gives details information concerning the issue and his main manifesto contains information and ideas that no counterjihad existing ideologist has ever discussed. Mr. Breivik provides an extensive piece of advice on building bombs and the way to plan terrorist attacks. However, he was condemned by the leading counterjihad writers for advocating violence; they actually condemned Breivik for his actions. Breivik openly announced that he was a member of knightly order known as European Military Order and Criminal Tribunal. He describes the group as a reincarnation of Knights Templar which he himself found in the year 2002 in London with some activists from eight countries across Europe (Hegghammer 2005). Mr. Breivik has a similar ideology with the Al Qaeda’s since they both see themselves to be engaged in civilizational war betwee n West and Islam that actually exceeds all existing crusades. They both fight on behalf of existing transitional entities refered to as community or ummah for Europeans and Al Qaedans. The phrase Ummah also known as one Community mainly refers to Islamic unified world (Hegghammer 2005). The nation should produce the mankind who command righteous and forbid anything that is considered as wrong. Both Breivik and Al Qaedas frame the struggles they face in the wars as defensive war survivals. They actually both hate their former governments for collaborating with those they refer to as outside enermies. Both Mr. Breivik and Al Qaedas use matyrdom language; Breivik calls those who attacks him as matyrdom operation. They also both call themselves espouse medieval ideals and knights of chivalry. They also lament partriarchy erosion and women emancipation (Hegghammer 2005). These numerous existing similarities between Mr. Breivik and Al Qaeda only mean that Mr. Breivik is mainly inspired by Al Qaedas or he is simply trying to emulate them. However, Al Qaeda’s actions suggest that they manifest the same generic ideological phenomenon; a macro-nationalism which is a varient of nationalism used to cluster nations or states held together by similar notions like ummah or the West (Hegghammer 2005). Great Macro-nationalists actually view their own people to be low in attacks and fights when it comes to defending themselves. Pan-Islamism which is muslim world has got a long history and they have always been inspired by militance since 1980s, a period when Arabs used to travell to Afghanistan to fight their fellow Muslims against the Soviet occupation. However, the West lacked similar movements in comparison to those of Pan-Islamism (Praveen 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it is expected that this coul d change after the appearance of Breivik manifesto and the rise of counterjihad in 2000. In case a violent anti-muslim movement emerges in West, what we expect is a division on the question who the target will be. Some members of the movement would prefer to punish European elites with the same reason which is the treason just like Mr. Breivik did. Others will prefer to attack the muslims directly just like they did it with the snipers who injured and killed several immigrants in Malmo in Sweden last year. One of the greatest tasks that the country has is countering macro-nationalists like Breivik and Al Qaedas. This is because they normally get popular support even if they are involved in mass murder which is something that is universally rejected. Mr. Breivik is a relatively large reservoir of European anti-muslims sentiments just like the AlQaedas exploit widespread Muslim oppossition policies in Middle East. However, many hope that Breivik’s actions will be horrific and u ndermine his major cause since one Al Qaeda is more than enough. Breivik hopes that countries such as Phillipines, Thailand and China will succeed him in the fight. In conclusion, it must be mentioned that this article looks more at the broad view of civilisations in violent struggles for survival and supremacy. It clearly defines what macro-nationalists think of the views and adeologies of confessed Norwegian mass murder Mr. Breivik. He struggles much in trying to implement the democratic regimes. Breivik apprecites those Hindu groups which actually do not sustain the injustice; they carry out riots and attacks on Muslims whenever things worsen but their main ideology is that their attacks are counterproductive. However, they do not attack the muslims directly instead, they target consolidate millitary cells in India with the aim of overthrowing the cultural Marxist government. Breivik envisages that future organizations would actually hand out multi cultural force which will bring military cooperation with the Buddhist, nationalists, Jewish and Hindu. He believes that these forces will help fight against the cultural Marxist forces (Clark 2011). This article also advocates how many Neo-cons in America are in need of global war with the radical muslims Mr. Breivik’s worldview does not fit into established categories of the ideologies of the right-wing just like fundamentalism, supremacism and ultranationalism. It however reveals all the new civizational war doctrines that represent how Christians view Al Qaeda since Mr. Breivik himself is a christian though not a strong one.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article clearly shows how people view muslims and what they can do within their power to see that the Al Qaedas stop terrorizing Western countries. However, they use almost the same tactics as those of the Al Qaedas to stop the killings. This article also clearly shows what America turned into after the incident of 9/11 which left many people injured while some lost their loved ones. Based mainly on ethnicity , religion and cultural essense, they all try to unify all the members of pan-groups that are beyond the nationalist boundaries. The above ideologies have been ignored by many governements and states. References Chesterton, G. (2011). The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists. New York: Barnes Nobel. Clark, N. (2011). Nationalism: Classical, Macro and Regional. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. Hegghammer, T. (2005).Counter-Jihad’ fake nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Huntington, S.1996. The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon Schuster. Praveen, S. (2000). Norwegian Mass Killers Manifesto Hails Hindutva. New York: Free Press. This research paper on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Channels Of Distribution

Abstract In reading the article â€Å"Channels of Distribution† by Geoff Lancaster the article describes the term ‘distribution system’ as to that of complex of agents, wholesalers and retailers through which manufacturers move products to their intended markets.† Marketing channels are usually made up of independent firms who are in business to make a profit. These are known as marketing intermediaries or middlemen. Distribution outlets can include combinations of owned and independent outlets or arrangements like franchising. The routes marketing organizations take when attempting to ensure that their goods and services reach the intended market or market segments. In setting up a distribution system, the organization must make a policy choice between selling directly to customers and employing salespeople and using intermediaries i.e. selling through agents, wholesalers and retailers. In the beginning the decision is usually based on various cost factors. Distribution costs in most cases are figured out by using several different factors like the number of potential customers in the market; how concentrated or dispersed they are; how much each will buy in a given period; costs associated with the practical side of the distributive operation (e.g. transport, warehousing and stockholding .If the organization thinks that they have a large enough potential sales market/customers they have a strong case for selling direct and employing a sales force. Organizations that makes industrial goods usually tend to use direct selling and often deliver direct to the user/customer, although in some cases wholesalers or ‘factors’ are used. Organ izations that markets consumer goods tend to use a network of marketing intermediaries because of the dispersion and large numbers of potential customers. As with everything there are always exceptions to the rules for example Mary Kay Cosmetics and Avon Cosmetics sell d... Free Essays on Channels Of Distribution Free Essays on Channels Of Distribution Abstract In reading the article â€Å"Channels of Distribution† by Geoff Lancaster the article describes the term ‘distribution system’ as to that of complex of agents, wholesalers and retailers through which manufacturers move products to their intended markets.† Marketing channels are usually made up of independent firms who are in business to make a profit. These are known as marketing intermediaries or middlemen. Distribution outlets can include combinations of owned and independent outlets or arrangements like franchising. The routes marketing organizations take when attempting to ensure that their goods and services reach the intended market or market segments. In setting up a distribution system, the organization must make a policy choice between selling directly to customers and employing salespeople and using intermediaries i.e. selling through agents, wholesalers and retailers. In the beginning the decision is usually based on various cost factors. Distribution costs in most cases are figured out by using several different factors like the number of potential customers in the market; how concentrated or dispersed they are; how much each will buy in a given period; costs associated with the practical side of the distributive operation (e.g. transport, warehousing and stockholding .If the organization thinks that they have a large enough potential sales market/customers they have a strong case for selling direct and employing a sales force. Organizations that makes industrial goods usually tend to use direct selling and often deliver direct to the user/customer, although in some cases wholesalers or ‘factors’ are used. Organ izations that markets consumer goods tend to use a network of marketing intermediaries because of the dispersion and large numbers of potential customers. As with everything there are always exceptions to the rules for example Mary Kay Cosmetics and Avon Cosmetics sell d...

Ask week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ask week 4 - Essay Example How would they win back their customers? It is obvious that, after indentifying the question to address, the management could have been able to work out on issues to address the question, rather than defining what the answer entailed (Hackman and Wageman 1995). For example, addressing the question of what could have been done to meet customer needs would have instigated on answers that would address the concern. Besides communication and knowledge management as a key factor in building awareness, â€Å"The Company presented a faà §ade of smugness with their name and overconfidence in their products† (Janis 1973). Critically discuss this statement. An organization should not limit its borders in assessing information to build knowledge management. In fact outsourcing would be ideal for any organization that wants to build up its knowledge management. Any organization must create a model of learning by establishing relationships with the industry monitors to avoid making similar mistakes that have been done by Ford. What issues should be put into consideration? Evaluation of past and current business environment can be argued to help an organization build up a model of learning (Floyd and Woolridge 1999). This is arguably true because if this is something to go by, the organization is able to evaluate the situation of their competitors and measure its current abilities according to the current climate of the industry. The lack of knowledge development at both personal and organizational level was evident at that particular time, but the idea of rubbing off the discussion was more critical to handle (Janis 1973). Why were similar companies going through the same issue? According to Bazerman and Moore (2008), effective decision making could be hampered by two situations that are squarely associated with decision makers. What are these